封底讚語
「黃先生譯詩雅貼比美Fitzgerald原譯。Fitzgerald書札中論譯事屢云『寧為活麻雀,不做死鷹』(better a live sparrow than a dead eagle),況活鷹乎?」
——錢鍾書(文學家)
「我愛黃君寄託深,能翻舊調出新音。詩腸九轉通今古,四海東西一樣心。」
——楊聯陞(哈佛大學教授)
「譯者對兩種語言的掌握的確令人嘆服⋯⋯更時有神來之筆,能賦予異域之詩情以華夏之采飾。自珈音經費譯到黃譯,是一則文學的輪迴再生。」
——宋美璍(台大外文系教授)
「黃克孫教授譯著魯拜集詩篇一百零一首,深感哲味超絕、文采斑爛。」
——陳鼎環(詩人)作者: 梅茗 时间: 2009-1-30 23:15
黄克孙译本
1
Wake! For the Sun, who scattered into flight
The Stars before him from the Field of Night,
Drives Night along with them from Heav'n, and strikes
The Sultán's Turret with a Shaft of Light.
醒醒遊仙夢裏人,
殘星幾點已西沉。
羲和駿馬鬃如火,
紅到蘇丹塔上雲。
2
Before the phantom of False morning died,
Methought a Voice within the Tavern cried,
"When all the Temple is prepared within,
Why nods the drowsy Worshipper outside?"
一抹朝暾染四埵,
隔門客舍語依稀:
『生涯莫放金尊嬾,
人易凋零酒易晞』。
3
And, as the Cock crew, those who stood before
The Tavern shouted — "Open then the Door!
You know how little while we have to stay,
And, once departed, may return no more. "
晨雞一唱起南柯,
門外羈人擊節歌:
『大地蒼天原逆旅,
怱怱客歲已無多』。
4
Now the New Year reviving old Desires,
The thoughtful Soul to Solitude retires,
Where the white hand of Moses on the Bough
Puts out, and Jesus from the Ground suspires.
東風吹醒夢中人,
碧野平蕪物又新。
摩世手伸千樹白,
耶穌氣吐一山春。
註:摩世(Moses)。可蘭經云摩西手白如雪,故借喩白花。
耶穌(Jesus)。據回敎傳說,耶穌氣息,能撫癒創傷。
5
Iram indeed is gone with all its Rose
And Jamshyd's Seven-ring'd Cup where no one knows;
But still a Ruby kindles in the Vine,
And many a Garden by the Water blows.
沉沉消息七環杯,
伊覽芳華盡劫灰。
唯有野花紅似昔,
年年爭向水邊開。
註:七環杯。古波斯王Jamshyd有七環杯,以象七天、七星、七海。杯中常盛不死藥。
伊覽(Iram)。古波斯名城,現已埋沒土下。
6
And David's Lips are lockt; but in divine
High-piping Pehlevi, with "Wine! Wine! Wine!
Red Wine!" — the Nightingale cries to the Rose
That sallow cheek of hers to' incarnadine.
繞樑音絕歌人渺,
猶有啼鵑格調高。
酒酒連聲玫瑰酒,
欲將雙頰染櫻桃。
註:歌人。指古波斯名歌者David。
7
Come, fill the Cup, and in the Fire of Spring
Your Winter-garment of Repentance fling:
The Bird of Time has but a little way
To flutter — and the Bird is on the Wing.
春火珠紅酒裏天,
心中塊壘碎尊前。
白駒此去無多路,
歲月無情已著鞭。
8
Whether at Naishápúr or Babylon,
Whether the Cup with sweet of bitter run,
The Wine of Life keeps oozing drop by drop,
The Leaves of Life keep falling one by one.
不問淸瓢與濁瓢,
不分寒食與花朝。
酒泉歲月涓涓盡,
楓樹生涯葉葉飄。
9
Each Morn a thousand Roses brings, you say;
Yes, but where leaves the Rose of Yesterday?
And this first Summer month that brings the Rose
Shall take Jamshyd and Kaikobád away.
聞道新紅又吐葩,
昨宵玫瑰落誰家。
瀟瀟風信瀟瀟雨,
帶得花來又葬花。
10
Well, let it take them! What have we to do
With Kaikobád the Great, or Kaikhosrú?
Let Zál and Rustum bluster as they will,
Or Hátim call to Supper — heed not you.
汨羅江水傷心碧,
銅雀臺花寂寞紅。
醉眼只宜看白日,
干卿底事哭英雄。
11
With me along the strip of Herbage strown
That just divides the desert from the sown,
Where name of Slave and Sultan is forgot—
And Peace to Mahmúd on his golden Throne!
平蕪携手看黃沙,
牧草靑靑瀚海涯。
白屋朱袍渾不認,
羲皇榻上是吾家。
12
A Book of Verses underneath the Bough,
A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread — and Thou
Beside me singing in the Wilderness —
Oh, Wilderness were Paradise enow!
一簞疏食一壺漿,
一卷詩書樹下涼。
卿爲阿儂歌瀚海,
茫茫瀚海即天堂。
13
Some for the Glories of This World; and some
Sigh for the Prophet's Paradise to come;
Ah, take the Cash, and let the Credit go.
Nor heed the rumble of a distant Drum!
三生事業盡朦朧,
一世浮華總落空。
今日有錢須買醉,
鼓聲山外任隆隆。
註:鼓聲。喩遙遠渺茫事。
14
Look to the blowing Rose about us — "Lo,
Laughing," she says, "into the world I blow,
At once the silken tassel of my Purse
Tear, and its Treasure on the Garden throw."
玫瑰周遭向我開,
嫣然淺笑更低徊:
『看儂一解柔絲蕾,
紅向千園萬圃來。』
15
And those who husbanded the Golden Grain,
And those who flung it to the Winds like rain,
Alike to no such aureate Earth are turn'd
As, buried once, Men want dug up again.
一杯濁酒無餘恨,
死去誰憐金玉櫬。chèn
但見明珠出土來,
淒涼白骨無人問。
16
The Worldly Hope men set their Hearts upon
Turns Ashes — or it prospers; and anon,
Like Snow upon the Desert's dusty Face
Lighting a little Hour or two — is gone.
富貴當年想石崇,
銀鞍金絡氣如虹。
可憐雪落平沙裏,
曾幾何時日又中。
17
Think, in this batter'd Caravanserai
Whose Portals are alternate Night and Day,
How Sultan after Sultan with his Pomp
Abode his destined Hour, and went his way.
乾坤寥落一穹廬,
日夜循環起太初。
多少英雄來復去,
錦衣華蓋盡同途。
18
They say the Lion and the Lizard keep
The Courts where Jamshyd gloried and drank deep;
And Bahram, that great hunter — the Wild Ass
Stamps o'er his Head, but cannot break his Sleep.
華表丹墀一例空,
荒涼臺榭走蛇蟲。
虎蹤今遍英雄墓,
無復驚聞李廣弓。
19
I sometimes think that never blows so red
The Rose as where some buried Coesar bled;
That every Hyacinth the Garden wears
Dropt in her Lap from some once lovely Head.
紅花底事紅如此,
想是萇弘血裏開。
一地落英愁欲語:
『當年曾伴美人來。』
20
And this reviving Herb whose tender Green
Fledges the River-Lip on which we lean —
Ah, lean upon it lightly; for who knows
From what once lovely Lip it springs unseen!
芳茵綠遍淸江外,
弱草嬌柔人欲采。
寄語行人莫損傷,
離離草下知誰在。
21
Ah, my Belovéd, fill the Cup that clears
To-day of past Regrets and future Fears —
To-morrow? — Why, To-morrow I may be
Myself with Yesterday's Sev'n Thousand Years.
爲卿斟酒洗塵緣,
莫問明朝事渺然。
我便明朝歸去也,
相隨昨日七千年。
22
For some we loved, the loveliest and the best
That from his Vintage rolling Time hath prest,
Have drunk their Cup a Round or two before,
And one by one crept silently to Rest.
舊日湖山同醉客,
只今寥落已無多。
幾杯飮罷魂銷盡,
一一生涯酒裏過。
23
And we, that now make merry in the Room
They left, and Summer dresses in new Bloom,
Ourselves must we beneath the couch of Earth
Descend, ourselves to make a couch — for whom?
醉眠陵上草芊芊,
草下長埋古聖賢。
借問他年陵上客,
阿誰枕我骨頭眠。
24
Ah, make the most of what we yet may spend,
Before we too into the Dust descend;
Dust into Dust, and under Dust, to lie,
Sans Wine, sans Song, sans Singer, and — sans End!
時恐秋霜零草莽,
韶華一旦隨花葬。
微塵身世化微塵,
無酒無歌無夢想。
25
Alike for those who for To-day prepare,
And those that after some To-morrow stare,
A Muezzin from the Tower of Darkness cries
"Fools! your Reward is neither Here nor There!"
飯顆山頭飯顆生,
蓮花燈下蓮花起。
忽聞棒喝一聲來:
『道不在斯不在彼。』
26
Why, all the Saints and Sages who discuss'd
Of the Two Worlds so wisely — they are thrust
Like foolish Prophets forth; their words to scorn
Are scatter'd, and their Mouths are stopt with Dust.
地獄天堂說未眞,
恒恒賢哲幾多人。
玲瓏妙口今安在,
三尺泥中不復聞。
27
Myself when young did eagerly frequent
Doctor and Saint, and heard great Argument
About it and about: but evermore
Came out by the same door where in I went.
少年執麈好談玄,
鄒子雕龍衍子天。
猶是野狐心未悟,
金函不學學逃禪。
28
With them the Seed of Wisdom did I sow,
And with mine own hand wrought to make it grow
And this was all the Harvest that I reap'd —
"I came like Water, and like Wind I go. "
辜負高人細解蒙,
希夷妙道未能通。
此心本似無根草,
來是行雲去是風。
29
Into this Universe, and Why not knowing,
Nor Whence, like Water willy-nilly flowing:
And out of it, as Wind along the Waste,
I know not Whiter willy-nilly blowing.
渾噩生來非自宰,
生來天地又何之。
蒼茫野水流無意,
流到何方水不知。
30
What, without asking, hither hurried Whence?
And, without asking, Whither hurried hence!
Oh, many a Cup of this forbidden Wine
Must drown the memory of that insolence!
生本無因死亦空,
前身後世影朦朧。
何如十斛蘭陵酒,
世界微塵一醉中。
31
Up from Earth's Centre through the Seventh Gate
I rose, and on the Throne of Saturn sate,
And many a Knot unravel'd by the Road;
But not the Master-knot of Human Fate.
騎鶴神遊阿母臺,
七重天闕拂雲來。
玉皇仙籍偸觀盡,
司命天書揭不開。
32
There was the door to which I found no Key;
There was the Veil through which I might not see:
Some little Talk awhile of Me and Thee
There was — and then no more of Thee and Me.
太極莊嚴門矗立,
谷神縹緲帳深垂。
微聞玉鎖初開日,
度得紅塵一客歸。
33
Earth could not answer; nor the Seas that mourn
In flowing Purple, of their Lord forlorn;
Nor rolling Heaven, with all his Signs reveal'd
And hidden by the sleeve of Night and Morn.
遍訪乾坤總惘然,
天垂日月寂無言。
海濤悲湧深藍色,
不答凡夫問太玄。
34
Then of the Thee in Me who works behind
The Veil, I lifted up my hands to find
A Lamp amid the Darkness; and I heard,
As from Without — "The Me within Thee blind!"
聞道天人原合一,
微機分寸自能參。
如何緣業憑天結,
天道恢恢不可探。
35
Then to the lip of this poor earthen Urn
I lean'd, the Secret of my Life to learn:
And Lip to Lip it murmur'd — "While you live
Drink! — for once dead you never shall return."
紅泥酒爵在唇邊,
欲問前緣與後緣。
酒爵多情低語我:
『且將陶醉換華年。』
36
I think the Vessel, that with fugitive
Articulation answer'd, once did live,
And drink; and Ah! the passive Lip I kiss'd,
How many Kisses might it take — and give!
醉向冰壺問短長,
冰壺前世是劉郞。
試看此日壺唇上,
多少脂痕漬粉香。
37
For I remember stopping by the way
To watch a Potter thumping his wet Clay:
And with its all-obliterated Tongue
It murmur'd — "Gently, Brother, gently, pray!"
南山采土冶爲甌,
土語啾啾說不休:
『我亦當年塵上客,
勞君雕琢要溫柔。』
38
And has not such a Story from of Old
Down Man's successive generations roll'd
Of such a clod of saturated Earth
Cast by the Maker into Human mould?
不聞野老瓜棚下,
捫蝨荒唐說鬼狐。
見說天公能造化,
揑成骨肉自泥塗。
39
And not a drop that from our Cups we throw
For Earth to drink of, but may steal below
To quench the fire of Anguish in some Eye
There hidden — far beneath, and long ago.
獨對山川高酌罷,
臨風細細酹餘觴。
遙知幾滴馨香酒,
必有泥中醉鬼嘗。
40
As then the Tulip for her morning sup
Of Heav'nly Vintage from the soil looks up,
Do you devoutly do the like, till Heav'n
To Earth invert you — like an empty Cup.
鬱金花瓣朝天舞,
好趁晨風醉甘露。
日易盈昃露易晞,
空垂殘萼傷遲暮。
41
Perplext no more with Human or Divine,
To-morrow's tangle to the winds resign,
And lose your fingers in the tresses of
The Cypress-slender Minister of Wine.
成佛成仙渺果因,
明朝身世付煙雲。
携壺浪迹山林上,
翠柏蒼松供酒神。
42
And if the Wine you drink, the Lip you press,
End in what All begins and ends in — Yes;
Think then you are To-day what Yesterday
You were — To-morrow you shall not be less.
綠酒朱唇空過眼,
微塵原自化微塵。
今朝我即明朝我,
昨日身猶此日身。
43
So when that Angel of the darker Drink
At last shall find you by the river-brink,
And, offering his Cup, invite your Soul
Forth to your Lips to quaff — you shall not shrink.
茫茫天地有筵臺,
司命高持黑酒杯。
酒過數巡應到我,
欣然盡飮莫徘徊。
44
Why, if the Soul can fling the Dust aside,
And naked on the Air of Heaven ride,
Were't not a Shame — were't not a Shame for him
In this clay carcase crippled to abide?
一朝蟬蛻餘軀殼,
魂魄悠悠歸碧落。
低首煙寰應自羞,
幾年爲此皮囊縛。
45
'Tis but a Tent where takes his one day's rest
A Sultan to the realm of Death addrest;
The Sultan rises, and the dark Ferrásh
Strikes, and prepares it for another Guest.
皮囊甲帳駐蘇丹,
明日蘇丹又西作。
寥落穹廬野火中,
蘇丹駿馬飛沙漠。
46
And fear not lest Existence closing your
Account, and mine, should know the like no more;
The Eternal Sáki from that Bowl has pour'd
Millions of Bubbles like us, and will pour.
人來人去千秋事,
水瀉危崖泡沫輕。
泡沫刹那倶幻滅,
華嚴瀑布永奔騰。
47
When You and I behind the Veil are past,
Oh, but the long, long while the World shall last,
Which of our Coming and Departure heeds
As the Sea's self should heed a pebble-cast.
一入重幃客渺然,
無情天地自緜緜。
浮萍幾點隨波去,
不改蒼茫海色玄。
註:重幃。據波斯傳說,天堂有重幃,上帝高坐其後。
48
A Moment's Halt — a momentary taste
Of being from the Well amid the Waste —
And Lo! — the phantom Caravan has reach'd
The Nothing it set out from — Oh, make haste!
平沙萬里踄明駝,
尋得甘泉且放歌。
莫問遠鄕多少路,
遠鄕遙指是亡何。
49
Would you that spangle of Existence spend
About the secret — quick about it, Friend!
A Hair perhaps divides the False and True —
And upon what, prithee, may life depend?
儒者登壇墨者逃,
由來眞僞爽毫毛。
一生一死尋常事,
誰把天心示我曹。
50
A Hair perhaps divides the False and True;
Yes; and a single Alif were the Clue —
Could you but find it — to the Treasure-house,
and peradventure to The Master too;
眞偽由來爽一絲,
元眞故故在希夷。
憑君參盡人天理,
得見天心未可知。
51
Whose secret Presence, through Creation's veins
Running Quicksilver-like eludes your pains;
Taking all shapes from Máh to Máhi; and
They change and perish all — but He remains;
月明海上化仙禽,
忽幻魚龍入水深。
世界刹那千萬相,
盎然不變是天心。
註:月化魚。波斯俗以「化魚」喩變遷。
52
A moment guess'd — then back behind the Fold
Immerst of Darkness round the Drama roll'd
Which, for the Pastime of Eternity,
He doth Himself contrive, enact, behold.
浩蕩天門瞬息開,
千秋螻蟻浪疑猜。
雲山幾度成滄海,
造化紅塵遊戲來。
53
But if in vain, down on the stubborn floor
Of Earth, and up to Heav'n's unopening Door,
You gaze To-day, while You are You — how then
To-morrow, when You shall be You no more?
擧首叩天天不語,
低頭問地地無聞。
即今俯仰猶迷惘,
何況他年墓裏人。
54
Waste not your Hour, nor in the vain pursuit
Of This and That endeavour and dispute;
Better be jocund with the fruitful Grape
Than sadden after none, or bitter, Fruit.
墾道求眞終不穫,
便成果實亦酸辛。
何如獨到南山上,
摘取葡萄祭酒神。
55
You know, my Friends, with what a brave Carouse
I made a Second Marriage in my house;
Divorc'd old barren Reason from my bed,
And took the Daughter of the Vine to Spouse.
落落心懷久不開,
酒酣拔劍斷琴臺。
忍敎智慧成離婦,
新娶葡萄公主來。
56
For "Is" and "Is-not" though with Rule and Line
And "Up-and-down" by Logic I define,
Of all that one should care to fathom, I
Was never deep in anything but — Wine.
是非原在有無中,
竭想窮思總是空。
借問一心何所好,
滿盃春酒漾嬌紅。
57
Ah, but my Computations, People say,
Reduc'd the Year to better reckoning? — Nay,
'Twas only striking from the Calendar
Unborn To-morrow, and dead Yesterday.
曾司北斗與招搖,
玉曆天衡略整調。
紙上淋漓縱醉筆,
勾除昨日與明朝。
註:珈音乃古波斯名數學家,曾創新暦。
58
And lately, by the Tavern door agape,
Came shining through the Dusk an Angel Shape
Bearing a Vessel on his Shoulder; and
He bid me taste of it; and 'twas — the Grape!
蓬門昨夜有人敲,
王母仙童餽綠醪。
翠色新瓷包錦袱,
啓瓶一酌是葡萄。
59
The Grape that can with Logic absolute
The Two-and-Seventy jarring Sects confute:
The sovereign Alchemist that in a trice
Life's leaden Metal into Gold transmute;
葡萄美酒紫金鐘,
藥鼎丹爐笑葛洪。
輸與此時一杯酒,
琴心三疊十年功。
60
The mighty Mahmúd, Allah-breathing Lord,
That all the misbelieving and black Horde
Of Fears and Sorrows that infest the Soul
Scatters before him with his whirlwind Sword.
酒降人間感上蒼,
一杯洗盡九廻腸。
鍾馗手秉旋風劍,
獨立天庭百鬼惶。
61
Why, be this Juice the growth of God, who dare
Blaspheme the twisted tendril as a Snare?
A Blessing, we should use it, should we not?
And if a Curse — why, then, Who set it there?
上帝傳符造甘酒,
杜康降自九天遙。
若非天旨分明在,
誰敢皇皇犯戒條。
62
I must abjure the Balm of Life, I must,
Scar'd by some After-reckoning ta'en on trust,
Or lured with Hope of some Diviner Drink,
To fill the Cup — when crumbled into Dust!
天上何時禁酒觴,
人間甘露我偸嘗。
拚將縹緲三生債,
換得千秋醉道場。
63
Oh threats of Hell and Hopes of Paradise!
One thing at least is certain — This Life flies;
One thing is certain and the rest is Lies;
The Flower that once has blown for ever dies.
碧落黃泉皆妄語,
三生因果盡荒唐。
濁醪以外無眞理,
一謝花魂再不香。
64
Strange, is it not? that of the myriads who
Before us pass'd the door of Darkness through,
Not one returns to tell us of the Road,
Which to discover we must travel too.
道失冥關誰借問,
了無歸客說嶇崎。
漫漫別路深如許,
寂寞行人只自知。
65
The Revelations of Devout and Learn'd
Who rose before us, and as Prophets burn'd,
Are all but Stories, which, awoke from Sleep
They told their comrades, and to Sleep return'd.
哲人敧枕漫遊仙,
睡眼惺忪說太玄。
地獄天堂言未已,
轉身榻上又高眠。
66
I sent my Soul through the Invisible,
Some letter of that After-life to spell:
And by and by my Soul return'd to me,
And answer'd "I Myself am Heav'n and Hell. "
欲尋身後路茫茫,
自遣離魂到大荒。
魂魄歸來唯一語:
『我兼地獄與天堂。』
67
Heav'n but the Vision of fulfill'd Desire,
And Hell the Shadow from a Soul on fire,
Cast on the Darkness into which Ourselves,
So late emerged from, shall so soon expire.
醉拋衣帶成河漢,
淚灑雲山作汴湘。
火借愁心爲地獄,
酒空塵慾即天堂。
68
We are no other than a moving row
Of Magic Shadow-shapes that come and go
Round with the Sun-illumin'd Lantern held
In Midnight by the Master of the Show;
琉璃冰罩轉玲瓏,
巧鏤山河大匠功。
中有光明燈一盞,
紙人泥馬影憧憧。
69
But helpless Pieces of the Game He plays
Upon this Chequer-board of Nights and Days;
Hither and thither moves, and checks, and slays,
And one by one back in the Closet lays.
縱橫日夜爲棋局,
枰上千秋劫正濃。
轉換騰那猶未了,
殘棋一一入壺中。
70
The Ball no question makes of Ayes and Noes,
But Here or There as strikes the Player goes;
And He that toss'd you down into the Field,
He knows about it all — He knows — HE KNOWS!
眼看乾坤一局棋,
滿枰黑白子離離。
鏗然一子成何劫,
惟有蒼蒼妙手知。
71
The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ,
Moves on: nor all your Piety nor Wit
Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line,
Nor all your Tears wash out a Word of it.
冥冥有手寫天書,
彩筆無情揮不已。
流盡人間淚幾千,
不能洗去半行字。
72
And that inverted Bowl they call the sky,
Whereunder crawling coop'd we live and die,
Lift not your hands to It for help — for It
As impotently moves as you or I.
渾圓天蓋碧深沉,
月運星移古至今。
莫向蒼天求解脫,
蒼天旋轉不由心。
73
With Earth's first Clay They did the Last Man knead,
And there of the Last Harvest sow'd the Seed:
And the first Morning of Creation wrote
What the Last Dawn of Reckoning shall read.
天化勞人泥與水,
身滲苦水到窮途。
雲山滄海何年盡,
都在鴻濛紙上書。
74
Yesterday this Day's Madness did prepare;
To-morrow's Silence, Triumph, or Despair:
Drink! for you know not whence you came, nor why:
Drink! for you know not why you go, nor where.
風雲一一安排好,
世界如荼入眼來。
痛飮不聞狂客問,
明朝何處化塵埃。
75
I tell you this — When, started from the Goal,
Over the flaming shoulders of the Foal
Of Heav'n Parwin and Mushtari they flung,
In my predestin'd Plot of Dust and Soul
天馬長嘶振鬣毛,
溟濛馳道接雲高。
神明馬上伸天手,
摘取星辰向我拋。
註:星辰。指珈音所屬宮位。
76
The Vine had struck a Fibre: which about
If clings my being — let the Dervish flout;
Of my Base Metal may be filed a Key,
That shall unlock the Door he howls without.
神山一樹衆生出,
我是仙桃樹上蟲。
偸得人間金鎖鑰,
醉眠內府寶藏中。
77
And this I know: whether the one True Light
Kindle to Love, or Wrath-consume me quite,
One Flash of It within the Tavern caught
Better than in the Temple lost outright.
心中幻滅有明燈,
幻出人間愛與憎。
燈影酒中猶照我,
神明壇上見何曾。
78
What! out of senseless Nothing to provoke
A conscious Something to resent the yoke
Of unpermitted Pleasure, under pain
Of Everlasting Penalties, if broke!
天公取土彫成我,
愛欲癡嗔泥裏和。
爭又人間設果因,
三生却問他生過。
79
What! from his helpless Creature be repaid
Pure Gold for what he lent him dross-allay'd —
Sue for a Debt he never did contract,
And cannot answer — Oh the sorry trade!
天賜人間自在身,
形骸放浪是元眞。
此生那有他生債,
未向蒼天借一文。
80
Oh Thou, who didst with Pitfall and with Gin
Beset the Road I was to wander in,
Thou wilt not with Predestin'd Evil round
Enmesh, and then impute my Fall to Sin!
千山岐路何人闢,
要問冥冥造化來。
鞭底蒼茫征路遠,
亂蓬好自爲吾開。
81
Oh, Thou, who Man of baser Earth didst make,
And ev'n with Paradise devise the Snake:
For all the Sin wherewith the Face of Man
Is blacken'd, Man's Forgiveness give — and take!
蒼穹含缺女媧嗟,
伊甸天園尙有蛇。
草草衆生原帝力,
誰敎爲善與爲邪。
甕歌集
82
As under cover of departing Day
Slunk hunger-stricken Ramazán away,
Once more within the Potter's house alone
I stood, surrounded by the Shapes of Clay.
晨昏一例醉中眠,
過盡淒涼九月天。
又訪村家陶匠去,
泥甕秋客對蕭然。
註:九月。回俗九月絕食,名爲Ramazan。
83
Shapes of all Sorts and Sizes, great and small,
That stood along the floor and by the wall;
And some loquacious Vessels were; and some
Listen'd perhaps, but never talk'd at all.
紅猩綠翠采姿多,
短缶長瓶壁上羅。
黃目無言垂醉眼,
泥壺開口唱山歌:
84
Said one among them — "Surely not in vain
My substance of the common Earth was ta'en
And to this Figure moulded, to be broke,
Or trampled back to shapeless Earth again."
『彎彎壺嘴似蛾眉,
手做泥壺爲阿誰。
隨手揑成隨手碎,
到頭還是一堆泥。』
85
Then said a Second — "Ne'er a peevish Boy
Would break the Bowl from which he drank in joy;
And He that with his hand the Vessel made
Will surely not in after Wrath destroy."
瓦尊壁上曼聲呼:
『酒客猶知惜酒壺,
多少匠心成一器,
無端誰忍碎無辜。』
86
After a momentary silence spake
Some Vessel of a more ungainly Make;
"They sneer at me for leaning all awry;
What! did the hand then of the Potter shake?"
古瓶臲卼背穹隆,
獨坐塵埃訴苦衷:
『想是匠人年已老,
摩挱彫琢手龍鍾。』
87
Whereat some one of the loquacious Lot —
I think a Sufi pipkin — waxing hot —
"All this of Pot and Potter — Tell me then,
Who is the Potter, pray and who the Pot?"
小壺顏色火燒雲,
談笑懸河水瀉銀:
『漫說陶人與陶器,
孰爲陶器孰陶人。』
88
"Why," said another, "Some there are who tell
Of one who threatens he will toss to Hell
The luckless Pots he marr'd in making — Pish!
He's a Good Fellow, and 'twill all be well. "
說法泥甕貌岸然:
『成材成器總由天。
殘壺廢盌都抛去,
拋到無情火焰邊。』
89
"Well," murmur'd one, "Let whoso make or buy,
My Clay with long oblivion is gone dry:
But, fill me with the old familiar Juice,
Methinks I might recover by and by!"
寂寞凋零一斷壺,
年年愁待酒家胡:
『請君爲我勤斟酒,
垂老心腸久已枯。』
90
So while the Vessels one by one were speaking,
The little Moon look'd in that all were seeking:
And then they jogg'd each other, "Brother! Brother!
Now for the Porter's shoulder knot a-creaking!"
月照千家戶半開,
壺尊無語靜塵埃。
鞋聲細碎聞窗外,
疑是飄零酒客來。
甕歌集終
91
Ah, with the Grape my fading Life provide,
And wash the Body whence the Life has died,
And lay me, shrouded in the living Leaf,
By some not unfrequented Garden-side.
一旦魂歸萬事空,
勞君傾酒洗萍蹤。
遺身願裹葡萄葉,
葬在名花怒放中。
92
That ev'n my buried Ashes such a Snare
Of Vintage shall fling up into the Air
As not a True Believer passing by
But shall be overtaken unaware.
死化寒灰帶酒香,
河山千古葬遺觴。
他年遊子來憑弔,
猶得墳前醉一場。
93
Indeed the Idols I have loved so long
Have done my credit in this World much wrong:
Have drown'd my Glory in a shallow Cup,
And sold my Reputation for a Song.
不事神明事酒魔,
前塵後事任蹉跎。
借來年命償杯酒,
賣去浮名買醉歌。
94
Indeed, indeed, Repentance oft before
I swore — but was I sober when I swore?
And then and then came Spring, and Rose-in-hand
My threadbare Penitence a-pieces tore.
平生悔恨我何曾,
醉裏模糊說不淸。
見說人間春又到,
尊前莫作懊憹聲。
95
And much as wine has play'd the Infidel,
And robb'd me of my Robe of Honour — well,
I often wonder what the Vintners buy
One half so precious as the stuff they sell.
酒誤浮名猶愛酒,
轉憐賣酒村前叟。
賣來不過幾文錢,
何物能如酒一斗。
96
Yet Ah, that Spring should vanish with the Rose!
That Youth's sweet-scented Manuscript should close!
The Nightingale that in the Branches sang,
Ah, whence, and whither flown again, who knows!
墓裏古人渾不語,
楊花榭後飄香絮。
子規啼盡一春心,
飛到天涯何處去。
97
Would but the desert of the fountain yield
One glimpse — if dimly, yet indeed, reveal'd,
To which the fainting Traveller might spring,
As springs that trampled herbage of the field!
古野猶生春草綠,
茫茫大漠何寥哉。
行人遠道淒涼甚,
可有淸泉慰客來。
98
Would but some winged Angel ere too late
Arrest the yet unfolded Roll of Fate,
And make the stern Recorder otherwise
Enregister, or quite obliterate!
願見仙人啓玉樓,
天書細細寫從頭。
生涯不爲重斟酌,
便把微身一筆勾。
99
Ah Love! could you and I with Him conspire
To grasp this sorry Scheme of Things entire,
Would not we shatter it to bits — and then
Re-mould it nearer to the Heart's Desire!
夢遊昨夜到天池,
欲借神明劍一枝。
斬碎三千愁世界,
從頭收拾舊須彌。
100
Yon rising Moon that looks for us again —
How oft hereafter will she wax and wane;
How oft hereafter rising look for us
Through this same Garden — and for one in vain!
明月多情伴客身,
人來人去月無聞,
從今幾度黃昏月,
遍照園林少一人。
101
And when like her, oh Sáki, you shall pass
Among the Guests Star-scatter'd on the Grass,
And in your joyous errand reach the spot
Where I made One — turn down an empty Glass!
酒僮酒僮勸客來,
座中無我莫徘徊。
醉翁去後餘何物,
一隻空空覆酒杯。
譯後記
上奧瑪珈音《魯拜集》一百又一首。根據費氏結樓(E. FitzGerald)第五英譯本衍譯,旁參費氏第一譯本及其他散文英譯本。
參考材料見
THE SUFISTIC QUATRAINS OF OMAR KHAYYAM , IN DEFINITIVE FORM,
including the translations of Edward FitzGerald (101 quatrains) with Edward Heron-Allen's analysis,
E. H. Whinefield (500 quatrains)
J. B. Nicolas (464 quatrains)
(M. Walter Dunne, Publisher, New York and London, 1903)
学物理的大概没有不知道黄克孙的,我读过他的《 Quarks, Leptons and Gauge Fields》,原版英文的,那时在科大读研究生,在一个规定教师和研究生才能进的专门图书室才有这种书。也读过部分《统计物理》,最近他还出了《Lectures On Statistical Physics And Protein Folding》,年纪这么大了还在研究新领域,出新书,了不起。
Oh, come with old Khayyam, and leave the Wise
To talk; one thing is certain, that Life flies;
One thing is certain, and the Rest is Lies;
The Flower that once has blown forever dies.
《魯拜集》
1
Edward Fitzgerald英文版
Wake! For the Sun, who scattered into flight
The Stars before him from the Field of Night,
Drives Night along with them from Heav'n, and strikes
The Sultán's Turret with a Shaft of Light.
黄克孙译本
醒醒遊仙夢裏人,
殘星幾點已西沉。
羲和駿馬鬃如火,
紅到蘇丹塔上雲。
郭沫若 译本
醒呀!太阳驱散了群星,
暗夜从空中逃遁,
灿烂的金箭,
射中了苏丹①的高瓴。
【译注】① 苏丹(Sultan):回教徒之统治者。
2
Before the phantom of False morning died,
Methought a Voice within the Tavern cried,
"When all the Temple is prepared within,
Why nods the drowsy Worshipper outside?"
一抹朝暾染四埵,tūn
隔門客舍語依稀:
『生涯莫放金尊嬾,
人易凋零酒易晞』。
朝昧的幻影破犹未曾,
茅店内似有人的呼声,
“寺院都已扫净了内堂,
托钵人何犹门外打盹?”
3
And, as the Cock crew, those who stood before
The Tavern shouted — "Open then the Door!
You know how little while we have to stay,
And, once departed, may return no more. "
晨雞一唱起南柯,
門外羈人擊節歌:
『大地蒼天原逆旅,
怱怱客歲已無多』。
四野正在鸡鸣,
人们在茅店之前叩问——
“开门罢!我们只得羁留片时,
一朝去后,怕就不再回程。”
4
Now the New Year reviving old Desires,
The thoughtful Soul to Solitude retires,
Where the white hand of Moses on the Bough
Puts out, and Jesus from the Ground suspires.
東風吹醒夢中人,
碧野平蕪物又新。
摩世手伸千樹白,
耶穌氣吐一山春。
註:摩世(Moses)。可蘭經云摩西手白如雪,故借喩白花。
耶穌(Jesus)。據回敎傳說,耶穌氣息,能撫癒創傷。
5
Iram indeed is gone with all its Rose
And Jamshyd's Seven-ring'd Cup where no one knows;
But still a Ruby kindles in the Vine,
And many a Garden by the Water blows.
沉沉消息七環杯,
伊覽芳華盡劫灰。
唯有野花紅似昔,
年年爭向水邊開。
註:七環杯。古波斯王Jamshyd有七環杯,以象七天、七星、七海。杯中常盛不死藥。
伊覽(Iram)。古波斯名城,現已埋沒土下。
【译注】
① 夷朗牟花园(Iram):波斯名园,如我国金谷园之类,
传言园在阿拉伯沙漠中也门地方。
② 蒋牟西的七环杯:蒋牟西(Jamshyd,日天子之义)是
派西地安(Pishdadian)王朝的第五世。七环杯象七天七星七
海之灵杯,为凯科稣尔所作(参看第十首注),传言掌此杯者
可知去来今三世。
6
And David's Lips are lockt; but in divine
High-piping Pehlevi, with "Wine! Wine! Wine!
Red Wine!" — the Nightingale cries to the Rose
That sallow cheek of hers to' incarnadine.
繞樑音絕歌人渺,
猶有啼鵑格調高。
酒酒連聲玫瑰酒,
欲將雙頰染櫻桃。
註:歌人。指古波斯名歌者David。
6
【译注】
① 大卫(David):古代之善歌者,出于“旧约”。
② 毗勒危语(Pehlevi):三世纪至七世纪波斯等地之古国语名。
7
Come, fill the Cup, and in the Fire of Spring
Your Winter-garment of Repentance fling:
The Bird of Time has but a little way
To flutter — and the Bird is on the Wing.
春火珠紅酒裏天,
心中塊壘碎尊前。
白駒此去無多路,
歲月無情已著鞭。
7
来呀,请来浮此一觞,
在春阳之中脱去忏悔的冬裳:
“时鸟”①是飞不多时的——
鸟已在振翮翱翔。
【译注】① “时鸟”:即指春天之小鸟,或系以时辰喻作飞鸟之意。
8
Whether at Naishápúr or Babylon,
Whether the Cup with sweet of bitter run,
The Wine of Life keeps oozing drop by drop,
The Leaves of Life keep falling one by one.
不問淸瓢與濁瓢,
不分寒食與花朝。
酒泉歲月涓涓盡,
楓樹生涯葉葉飄。
【译注】
① 纳霞堡(Naishapur):已见“小引”中。
② 巴比伦(Babylon):在幼发拉底河畔,古代巴比伦国之首府。
9
Each Morn a thousand Roses brings, you say;
Yes, but where leaves the Rose of Yesterday?
And this first Summer month that brings the Rose
Shall take Jamshyd and Kaikobád away.
聞道新紅又吐葩,
昨宵玫瑰落誰家。
瀟瀟風信瀟瀟雨,
帶得花來又葬花。
10
Well, let it take them! What have we to do
With Kaikobád the Great, or Kaikhosrú?
Let Zál and Rustum bluster as they will,
Or Hátim call to Supper — heed not you.
汨羅江水傷心碧,
銅雀臺花寂寞紅。
醉眼只宜看白日,
干卿底事哭英雄。
【译注】
① 凯科稣尔(Kaikhosru):凯科白提之孙,破巴
比伦,释放犹太人之被俘虏者即此人。
② 查尔(Zal):波斯之英雄。
③ 鲁士图牟(Rustum):即查尔之子,雄武有力。
④ 霍丁牟(Hatim Tai):东方贵族之一。作者: 梅茗 时间: 2009-2-5 14:48
11
With me along the strip of Herbage strown
That just divides the desert from the sown,
Where name of Slave and Sultan is forgot—
And Peace to Mahmúd on his golden Throne!
平蕪携手看黃沙,
牧草靑靑瀚海涯。
白屋朱袍渾不認,
羲皇榻上是吾家。
12
A Book of Verses underneath the Bough,
A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread — and Thou
Beside me singing in the Wilderness —
Oh, Wilderness were Paradise enow!
一簞疏食一壺漿,
一卷詩書樹下涼。
卿爲阿儂歌瀚海,
茫茫瀚海即天堂。
树荫下放着一卷诗章,
一瓶葡萄美酒,一点干粮,
有你在这荒原中傍我欢歌——
荒原呀,啊,便是天堂!
13
Some for the Glories of This World; and some
Sigh for the Prophet's Paradise to come;
Ah, take the Cash, and let the Credit go.
Nor heed the rumble of a distant Drum!
三生事業盡朦朧,
一世浮華總落空。
今日有錢須買醉,
鼓聲山外任隆隆。
註:鼓聲。喩遙遠渺茫事。
【译注】
① 浮名:Cash是现金,Credit是债券,Credit即指第一句的
“现世的光荣”,故意译成“浮名”。
② 远方的鼓音:宫殿之外的大鼓。——此句是承说上文的天国。
14
Look to the blowing Rose about us — "Lo,
Laughing," she says, "into the world I blow,
At once the silken tassel of my Purse
Tear, and its Treasure on the Garden throw."
玫瑰周遭向我開,
嫣然淺笑更低徊:
『看儂一解柔絲蕾,
紅向千園萬圃來。』
15
And those who husbanded the Golden Grain,
And those who flung it to the Winds like rain,
Alike to no such aureate Earth are turn'd
As, buried once, Men want dug up again.
一杯濁酒無餘恨,
死去誰憐金玉櫬。chèn
但見明珠出土來,
淒涼白骨無人問。
有的节谷如金,
有的挥金如雨,
玉女金童身归大梦,
墓又为人掘启。
16
The Worldly Hope men set their Hearts upon
Turns Ashes — or it prospers; and anon,
Like Snow upon the Desert's dusty Face
Lighting a little Hour or two — is gone.
富貴當年想石崇,
銀鞍金絡氣如虹。
可憐雪落平沙裏,
曾幾何時日又中。
人所系心的现世的希望易灰,
或则一朝繁荣,而又消毁,
比如那沙面的白雪,
只扬得一两刻的明辉。
17
Think, in this batter'd Caravanserai
Whose Portals are alternate Night and Day,
How Sultan after Sultan with his Pomp
Abode his destined Hour, and went his way.
乾坤寥落一穹廬,
日夜循環起太初。
多少英雄來復去,
錦衣華蓋盡同途。
天地是飘摇的逆旅,
昼夜是逆旅的门户;
多少苏丹与荣华,
住不多时,又匆匆离去。①
【译注】① 此首宜与李白“春夜宴桃李园序”并读。
18
They say the Lion and the Lizard keep
The Courts where Jamshyd gloried and drank deep;
And Bahram, that great hunter — the Wild Ass
Stamps o'er his Head, but cannot break his Sleep.
華表丹墀一例空,chí
荒涼臺榭走蛇蟲。
虎蹤今遍英雄墓,
無復驚聞李廣弓。
19
I sometimes think that never blows so red
The Rose as where some buried Coesar bled;
That every Hyacinth the Garden wears
Dropt in her Lap from some once lovely Head.
紅花底事紅如此,
想是萇弘血裏開。
一地落英愁欲語:
『當年曾伴美人來。』
帝王流血处的蔷薇花
颜色怕更般红;
花园中的玉簪儿
怕是植根在美女尸中。①
【译注】① 此首闻一多君有直译文,甚忠实,附见于此以供参考。
我怕最红的红不过
生在帝王喋血处的蔷薇;
园中朵朵的玉簪儿怕是
从当年美人头上坠下来的。
20
And this reviving Herb whose tender Green
Fledges the River-Lip on which we lean —
Ah, lean upon it lightly; for who knows
From what once lovely Lip it springs unseen!
芳茵綠遍淸江外,
弱草嬌柔人欲采。
寄語行人莫損傷,
離離草下知誰在。
21
Ah, my Belovéd, fill the Cup that clears
To-day of past Regrets and future Fears —
To-morrow? — Why, To-morrow I may be
Myself with Yesterday's Sev'n Thousand Years.
爲卿斟酒洗塵緣,
莫問明朝事渺然。
我便明朝歸去也,
相隨昨日七千年。
22
For some we loved, the loveliest and the best
That from his Vintage rolling Time hath prest,
Have drunk their Cup a Round or two before,
And one by one crept silently to Rest.
舊日湖山同醉客,
只今寥落已無多。
幾杯飮罷魂銷盡,
一一生涯酒裏過。
23
And we, that now make merry in the Room
They left, and Summer dresses in new Bloom,
Ourselves must we beneath the couch of Earth
Descend, ourselves to make a couch — for whom?
醉眠陵上草芊芊,
草下長埋古聖賢。
借問他年陵上客,
阿誰枕我骨頭眠。
秾花被满了他们的华堂,
我们正尽情地在此欢畅,
我们又将要入土长眠——
我们的尸骸呀又将替谁作床?
24
Ah, make the most of what we yet may spend,
Before we too into the Dust descend;
Dust into Dust, and under Dust, to lie,
Sans Wine, sans Song, sans Singer, and — sans End!
時恐秋霜零草莽,
韶華一旦隨花葬。
微塵身世化微塵,
無酒無歌無夢想。
25
Alike for those who for To-day prepare,
And those that after some To-morrow stare,
A Muezzin from the Tower of Darkness cries
"Fools! your Reward is neither Here nor There!"
飯顆山頭飯顆生,
蓮花燈下蓮花起。
忽聞棒喝一聲來:
『道不在斯不在彼。』
26
Why, all the Saints and Sages who discuss'd
Of the Two Worlds so wisely — they are thrust
Like foolish Prophets forth; their words to scorn
Are scatter'd, and their Mouths are stopt with Dust.
地獄天堂說未眞,
恒恒賢哲幾多人。
玲瓏妙口今安在,
三尺泥中不復聞。
伊古以来的圣哲,
惯会说现世与天堂——
一朝口被尘封,自嘲莫解,
同那江湖的预言者流一样。
27
Myself when young did eagerly frequent
Doctor and Saint, and heard great Argument
About it and about: but evermore
Came out by the same door where in I went.
少年執麈好談玄,
鄒子雕龍衍子天。
猶是野狐心未悟,
金函不學學逃禪。
当我在青春时分,
也曾热访过博士圣人,
炎炎的伟论听了多回;
可我依然出来——由那原径。
28
With them the Seed of Wisdom did I sow,
And with mine own hand wrought to make it grow
And this was all the Harvest that I reap'd —
"I came like Water, and like Wind I go. "
辜負高人細解蒙,
希夷妙道未能通。
此心本似無根草,
來是行雲去是風。
29
Into this Universe, and Why not knowing,
Nor Whence, like Water willy-nilly flowing:
And out of it, as Wind along the Waste,
I know not Whiter willy-nilly blowing.
渾噩生來非自宰,
生來天地又何之。
蒼茫野水流無意,
流到何方水不知。
30
What, without asking, hither hurried Whence?
And, without asking, Whither hurried hence!
Oh, many a Cup of this forbidden Wine
Must drown the memory of that insolence!
生本無因死亦空,
前身後世影朦朧。
何如十斛蘭陵酒,
世界微塵一醉中。
请君莫问何处来?
请君莫问何处去!
浮此禁觞千万锺,
消沉那无常的记忆。
【校记】“锺”,原书作“鐘”。作者: 梅茗 时间: 2009-2-5 14:50
31
Up from Earth's Centre through the Seventh Gate
I rose, and on the Throne of Saturn sate,
And many a Knot unravel'd by the Road;
But not the Master-knot of Human Fate.
騎鶴神遊阿母臺,
七重天闕拂雲來。
玉皇仙籍偸觀盡,
司命天書揭不開。
从地心升到第七天门,①
升到土星座上高坐,
沿途解释得无数的哑谜;
人生的大哑谜却可猜推不破。
【译注】① 第七天门:波斯天文学谓第七天即
土星天(Heaven of Saturn)。
32
There was the door to which I found no Key;
There was the Veil through which I might not see:
Some little Talk awhile of Me and Thee
There was — and then no more of Thee and Me.
太極莊嚴門矗立,
谷神縹緲帳深垂。
微聞玉鎖初開日,
度得紅塵一客歸。
此处是无钥之门;
此处是窥不透的帷幕;
有的在暂时地呼帝呼神——
少时间已不闻我我汝汝。①
【译注】① 我我汝汝:我即人,汝即神。
33
Earth could not answer; nor the Seas that mourn
In flowing Purple, of their Lord forlorn;
Nor rolling Heaven, with all his Signs reveal'd
And hidden by the sleeve of Night and Morn.
遍訪乾坤總惘然,
天垂日月寂無言。
海濤悲湧深藍色,
不答凡夫問太玄。
34
Then of the Thee in Me who works behind
The Veil, I lifted up my hands to find
A Lamp amid the Darkness; and I heard,
As from Without — "The Me within Thee blind!"
聞道天人原合一,
微機分寸自能參。
如何緣業憑天結,
天道恢恢不可探。
35
Then to the lip of this poor earthen Urn
I lean'd, the Secret of my Life to learn:
And Lip to Lip it murmur'd — "While you live
Drink! — for once dead you never shall return."
紅泥酒爵在唇邊,
欲問前緣與後緣。
酒爵多情低語我:
『且將陶醉換華年。』
36
I think the Vessel, that with fugitive
Articulation answer'd, once did live,
And drink; and Ah! the passive Lip I kiss'd,
How many Kisses might it take — and give!
醉向冰壺問短長,
冰壺前世是劉郞。
試看此日壺唇上,
多少脂痕漬粉香。
幽幽对语的这个土瓶
是曾生在世间,曾经痛饮;
啊!我今亲着它的唇边,
不知它又曾授受了多少接吻!
37
For I remember stopping by the way
To watch a Potter thumping his wet Clay:
And with its all-obliterated Tongue
It murmur'd — "Gently, Brother, gently, pray!"
南山采土冶爲甌,
土語啾啾說不休:
『我亦當年塵上客,
勞君雕琢要溫柔。』
忆昔我纡徐路途,
曾见过陶人捣土;
土中有微弱的声音哀叫——
“轻轻罢,朋友,轻轻地捣!
38
And has not such a Story from of Old
Down Man's successive generations roll'd
Of such a clod of saturated Earth
Cast by the Maker into Human mould?
不聞野老瓜棚下,
捫蝨荒唐說鬼狐。
見說天公能造化,
揑成骨肉自泥塗。
君不闻,自古有口碑流传,
人类是造化之所抟垸?
人类的代代生生
都是由粘土造成。
39
And not a drop that from our Cups we throw
For Earth to drink of, but may steal below
To quench the fire of Anguish in some Eye
There hidden — far beneath, and long ago.
獨對山川高酌罷,
臨風細細酹餘觴。
遙知幾滴馨香酒,
必有泥中醉鬼嘗。
从怀中奠洒一滴酒珠,
会潜入那地底的深处,
地底有死者的双目难瞑,
目中的焦火犹可借以消除。
40
As then the Tulip for her morning sup
Of Heav'nly Vintage from the soil looks up,
Do you devoutly do the like, till Heav'n
To Earth invert you — like an empty Cup.
鬱金花瓣朝天舞,
好趁晨風醉甘露。
日易盈昃露易晞,
空垂殘萼傷遲暮。
41
Perplext no more with Human or Divine,
To-morrow's tangle to the winds resign,
And lose your fingers in the tresses of
The Cypress-slender Minister of Wine.
成佛成仙渺果因,
明朝身世付煙雲。
携壺浪迹山林上,
翠柏蒼松供酒神。
莫再为人神的问题播弄,
明朝的忧虑付与东风,
酒君的毛发软如松丝,
请用你的指头替他梳理。
42
And if the Wine you drink, the Lip you press,
End in what All begins and ends in — Yes;
Think then you are To-day what Yesterday
You were — To-morrow you shall not be less.
綠酒朱唇空過眼,
微塵原自化微塵。
今朝我即明朝我,
昨日身猶此日身。
倘若你把酒压唇,
融没在无始无终的梦境——
你可知今日犹如昨日,
明朝也是如今。
43
So when that Angel of the darker Drink
At last shall find you by the river-brink,
And, offering his Cup, invite your Soul
Forth to your Lips to quaff — you shall not shrink.
茫茫天地有筵臺,
司命高持黑酒杯。
酒過數巡應到我,
欣然盡飮莫徘徊。
倘若那幽暗的酒乡仙使
相遇在河水之濆,
举怀邀你鲸吞
——你可莫用逡巡。
44
Why, if the Soul can fling the Dust aside,
And naked on the Air of Heaven ride,
Were't not a Shame — were't not a Shame for him
In this clay carcase crippled to abide?
一朝蟬蛻餘軀殼,
魂魄悠悠歸碧落。
低首煙寰應自羞,
幾年爲此皮囊縛。
倘若你魂能离壳,
赤裸地凌虚御风,
常在这泥骸中跛脚踟躇——
宁非是耻辱重重?
45
'Tis but a Tent where takes his one day's rest
A Sultan to the realm of Death addrest;
The Sultan rises, and the dark Ferrásh
Strikes, and prepares it for another Guest.
皮囊甲帳駐蘇丹,
明日蘇丹又西作。
寥落穹廬野火中,
蘇丹駿馬飛沙漠。
46
And fear not lest Existence closing your
Account, and mine, should know the like no more;
The Eternal Sáki from that Bowl has pour'd
Millions of Bubbles like us, and will pour.
人來人去千秋事,
水瀉危崖泡沫輕。
泡沫刹那倶幻滅,
華嚴瀑布永奔騰。
47
When You and I behind the Veil are past,
Oh, but the long, long while the World shall last,
Which of our Coming and Departure heeds
As the Sea's self should heed a pebble-cast.
一入重幃客渺然,
無情天地自緜緜。
浮萍幾點隨波去,
不改蒼茫海色玄。
註:重幃。據波斯傳說,天堂有重幃,上帝高坐其後。
你我纵通过了帷幕之后,
啊,世界是永远存留,
你我的来而又去——
大海里抛了个小小石头。
48
A Moment's Halt — a momentary taste
Of being from the Well amid the Waste —
And Lo! — the phantom Caravan has reach'd
The Nothing it set out from — Oh, make haste!
平沙萬里踄明駝,
尋得甘泉且放歌。
莫問遠鄕多少路,
遠鄕遙指是亡何。
49
Would you that spangle of Existence spend
About the secret — quick about it, Friend!
A Hair perhaps divides the False and True —
And upon what, prithee, may life depend?
儒者登壇墨者逃,
由來眞僞爽毫毛。
一生一死尋常事,
誰把天心示我曹。
50
A Hair perhaps divides the False and True;
Yes; and a single Alif were the Clue —
Could you but find it — to the Treasure-house,
and peradventure to The Master too;
眞偽由來爽一絲,
元眞故故在希夷。
憑君參盡人天理,
得見天心未可知。
51
Whose secret Presence, through Creation's veins
Running Quicksilver-like eludes your pains;
Taking all shapes from Máh to Máhi; and
They change and perish all — but He remains;
月明海上化仙禽,
忽幻魚龍入水深。
世界刹那千萬相,
盎然不變是天心。
註:月化魚。波斯俗以「化魚」喩變遷。
真君冥冥兮周流八垠,
速如流汞兮消汝苦辛;
自月至鱼①兮万汇赋形;
万汇毁变兮真君永存;
【译注】① 自月至鱼:东方创世论,万有始于月,终于鱼。
52
A moment guess'd — then back behind the Fold
Immerst of Darkness round the Drama roll'd
Which, for the Pastime of Eternity,
He doth Himself contrive, enact, behold.
浩蕩天門瞬息開,
千秋螻蟻浪疑猜。
雲山幾度成滄海,
造化紅塵遊戲來。
一瞬显现兮瞬印深藏,
舞台周遭兮黑暗无光,
彼自登场兮彼自观赏,
自作消遣兮为乐无疆。①
【译注】① 以上两首只是一首,是—种形而上学的理论;颇含
嘲笑之意,故变调译之
53
But if in vain, down on the stubborn floor
Of Earth, and up to Heav'n's unopening Door,
You gaze To-day, while You are You — how then
To-morrow, when You shall be You no more?
擧首叩天天不語,
低頭問地地無聞。
即今俯仰猶迷惘,
何況他年墓裏人。
假使探之不能,在这无情的地上,
你瞻仰着那永不开门的天乡,
今日你还是你时,你可观瞻——
明日你已不是你时,你又怎样?
54
Waste not your Hour, nor in the vain pursuit
Of This and That endeavour and dispute;
Better be jocund with the fruitful Grape
Than sadden after none, or bitter, Fruit.
墾道求眞終不穫,
便成果實亦酸辛。
何如獨到南山上,
摘取葡萄祭酒神。
啊,请莫用滥费了你的时辰,
也莫用追求那彼是的空论;
与其凄切地追求苦果,虚无,
何如呵与这肥甘的葡萄共命?
55
You know, my Friends, with what a brave Carouse
I made a Second Marriage in my house;
Divorc'd old barren Reason from my bed,
And took the Daughter of the Vine to Spouse.
落落心懷久不開,
酒酣拔劍斷琴臺。
忍敎智慧成離婦,
新娶葡萄公主來。
56
For "Is" and "Is-not" though with Rule and Line
And "Up-and-down" by Logic I define,
Of all that one should care to fathom, I
Was never deep in anything but — Wine.
是非原在有無中,
竭想窮思總是空。
借問一心何所好,
滿盃春酒漾嬌紅。
57
Ah, but my Computations, People say,
Reduc'd the Year to better reckoning? — Nay,
'Twas only striking from the Calendar
Unborn To-morrow, and dead Yesterday.
曾司北斗與招搖,
玉曆天衡略整調。
紙上淋漓縱醉筆,
勾除昨日與明朝。
註:珈音乃古波斯名數學家,曾創新暦。
58
And lately, by the Tavern door agape,
Came shining through the Dusk an Angel Shape
Bearing a Vessel on his Shoulder; and
He bid me taste of it; and 'twas — the Grape!
蓬門昨夜有人敲,
王母仙童餽綠醪。
翠色新瓷包錦袱,
啓瓶一酌是葡萄。
59
The Grape that can with Logic absolute
The Two-and-Seventy jarring Sects confute:
The sovereign Alchemist that in a trice
Life's leaden Metal into Gold transmute;
葡萄美酒紫金鐘,
藥鼎丹爐笑葛洪。
輸與此時一杯酒,
琴心三疊十年功。
葡萄酒呀,你是以绝对的逻辑
说破七十二宗①的纷纭:
你是崇高的炼金术士
瞬时间把生之铅矿点化成金;
【译注】① 七十二宗:当时伊斯兰教有七十二宗派。
60
The mighty Mahmúd, Allah-breathing Lord,
That all the misbelieving and black Horde
Of Fears and Sorrows that infest the Soul
Scatters before him with his whirlwind Sword.
酒降人間感上蒼,
一杯洗盡九廻腸。
鍾馗手秉旋風劍,
獨立天庭百鬼惶。
61
Why, be this Juice the growth of God, who dare
Blaspheme the twisted tendril as a Snare?
A Blessing, we should use it, should we not?
And if a Curse — why, then, Who set it there?
上帝傳符造甘酒,
杜康降自九天遙。
若非天旨分明在,
誰敢皇皇犯戒條。
62
I must abjure the Balm of Life, I must,
Scar'd by some After-reckoning ta'en on trust,
Or lured with Hope of some Diviner Drink,
To fill the Cup — when crumbled into Dust!
天上何時禁酒觴,
人間甘露我偸嘗。
拚將縹緲三生債,
換得千秋醉道場。
【译注】
① “来世果报”:回教以为今世行禁欲生活,来世
得生天堂,有美女与醇酒为乐。反是者则落地狱。
② “生命的灵浆”:即指酒。
63
Oh threats of Hell and Hopes of Paradise!
One thing at least is certain — This Life flies;
One thing is certain and the rest is Lies;
The Flower that once has blown for ever dies.
碧落黃泉皆妄語,
三生因果盡荒唐。
濁醪以外無眞理,
一謝花魂再不香。
64
Strange, is it not? that of the myriads who
Before us pass'd the door of Darkness through,
Not one returns to tell us of the Road,
Which to discover we must travel too.
道失冥關誰借問,
了無歸客說嶇崎。
漫漫別路深如許,
寂寞行人只自知。
奇哉,宁不奇乎?
前乎吾辈而死者万千无数,
却曾无一人归来
告诉我们当走的道路。
65
The Revelations of Devout and Learn'd
Who rose before us, and as Prophets burn'd,
Are all but Stories, which, awoke from Sleep
They told their comrades, and to Sleep return'd.
哲人敧枕漫遊仙,
睡眼惺忪說太玄。
地獄天堂言未已,
轉身榻上又高眠。
古代圣哲的宣传
不过是痴人说梦,
醒后告了同侪,
匆匆又归大梦。
66
I sent my Soul through the Invisible,
Some letter of that After-life to spell:
And by and by my Soul return'd to me,
And answer'd "I Myself am Heav'n and Hell. "
欲尋身後路茫茫,
自遣離魂到大荒。
魂魄歸來唯一語:
『我兼地獄與天堂。』
67
Heav'n but the Vision of fulfill'd Desire,
And Hell the Shadow from a Soul on fire,
Cast on the Darkness into which Ourselves,
So late emerged from, shall so soon expire.
醉拋衣帶成河漢,
淚灑雲山作汴湘。
火借愁心爲地獄,
酒空塵慾即天堂。
天堂是心满意足的幻形,
地狱是心焦在“暗”中的虚影,
我们是才从“暗”中起来,
不久又将要死在“暗”里。
68
We are no other than a moving row
Of Magic Shadow-shapes that come and go
Round with the Sun-illumin'd Lantern held
In Midnight by the Master of the Show;
琉璃冰罩轉玲瓏,
巧鏤山河大匠功。
中有光明燈一盞,
紙人泥馬影憧憧。
我们是活动的幻影之群,
绕着这走马灯儿来去,
在一个夜半深更,
点燃在魔术师的手里。
69
But helpless Pieces of the Game He plays
Upon this Chequer-board of Nights and Days;
Hither and thither moves, and checks, and slays,
And one by one back in the Closet lays.
縱橫日夜爲棋局,
枰上千秋劫正濃。
轉換騰那猶未了,
殘棋一一入壺中。
我们是可怜的一套象棋,
昼与夜便是—张棋局,
任“他”走东走西或擒或杀,
走罢后又一一收归匣里。
70
The Ball no question makes of Ayes and Noes,
But Here or There as strikes the Player goes;
And He that toss'd you down into the Field,
He knows about it all — He knows — HE KNOWS!
眼看乾坤一局棋,
滿枰黑白子離離。
鏗然一子成何劫,
惟有蒼蒼妙手知。
71
The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ,
Moves on: nor all your Piety nor Wit
Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line,
Nor all your Tears wash out a Word of it.
冥冥有手寫天書,
彩筆無情揮不已。
流盡人間淚幾千,
不能洗去半行字。
指动字成,字成指动;
任你如何至诚,如何机智,
难叫他收回成命消去半行,
任你眼泪流完也难洗掉—字。
72
And that inverted Bowl they call the sky,
Whereunder crawling coop'd we live and die,
Lift not your hands to It for help — for It
As impotently moves as you or I.
渾圓天蓋碧深沉,
月運星移古至今。
莫向蒼天求解脫,
蒼天旋轉不由心。
人称说天宇是个复盆,
我们匍匐着在此生死,
莫用举手去求他哀怜——
他之不能动移犹如我你。
73
With Earth's first Clay They did the Last Man knead,
And there of the Last Harvest sow'd the Seed:
And the first Morning of Creation wrote
What the Last Dawn of Reckoning shall read.
天化勞人泥與水,
身滲苦水到窮途。
雲山滄海何年盡,
都在鴻濛紙上書。
74
Yesterday this Day's Madness did prepare;
To-morrow's Silence, Triumph, or Despair:
Drink! for you know not whence you came, nor why:
Drink! for you know not why you go, nor where.
風雲一一安排好,
世界如荼入眼來。
痛飮不聞狂客問,
明朝何處化塵埃。
75
I tell you this — When, started from the Goal,
Over the flaming shoulders of the Foal
Of Heav'n Parwin and Mushtari they flung,
In my predestin'd Plot of Dust and Soul
天馬長嘶振鬣毛,
溟濛馳道接雲高。
神明馬上伸天手,
摘取星辰向我拋。
註:星辰。指珈音所屬宮位。
【译注】
① “帕尔温”与“牟虚他犁”(Parwin and Mushtari):前者为昴宿
(Pleiades),牡牛(Taurus)星座中之—群小星。后者为木星(Jupiter)。 ②“天驹”:太阳也。此首乃占星术上之智识,太阳所在之处,定人命
运之吉凶。上举二星均在黄道上。
76
The Vine had struck a Fibre: which about
If clings my being — let the Dervish flout;
Of my Base Metal may be filed a Key,
That shall unlock the Door he howls without.
神山一樹衆生出,
我是仙桃樹上蟲。
偸得人間金鎖鑰,
醉眠內府寶藏中。
【译注】①“德尔威邪”(Dervish):回教之托钵僧。
77
And this I know: whether the one True Light
Kindle to Love, or Wrath-consume me quite,
One Flash of It within the Tavern caught
Better than in the Temple lost outright.
心中幻滅有明燈,
幻出人間愛與憎。
燈影酒中猶照我,
神明壇上見何曾。
78
What! out of senseless Nothing to provoke
A conscious Something to resent the yoke
Of unpermitted Pleasure, under pain
Of Everlasting Penalties, if broke!
天公取土彫成我,
愛欲癡嗔泥裏和。
爭又人間設果因,
三生却問他生過。
79
What! from his helpless Creature be repaid
Pure Gold for what he lent him dross-allay'd —
Sue for a Debt he never did contract,
And cannot answer — Oh the sorry trade!
天賜人間自在身,
形骸放浪是元眞。
此生那有他生債,
未向蒼天借一文。
80
Oh Thou, who didst with Pitfall and with Gin
Beset the Road I was to wander in,
Thou wilt not with Predestin'd Evil round
Enmesh, and then impute my Fall to Sin!
千山岐路何人闢,
要問冥冥造化來。
鞭底蒼茫征路遠,
亂蓬好自爲吾開。
81
Oh, Thou, who Man of baser Earth didst make,
And ev'n with Paradise devise the Snake:
For all the Sin wherewith the Face of Man
Is blacken'd, Man's Forgiveness give — and take!
蒼穹含缺女媧嗟,
伊甸天園尙有蛇。
草草衆生原帝力,
誰敎爲善與爲邪。
wèng甕歌集
82
As under cover of departing Day
Slunk hunger-stricken Ramazán away,
Once more within the Potter's house alone
I stood, surrounded by the Shapes of Clay.
晨昏一例醉中眠,
過盡淒涼九月天。
又訪村家陶匠去,
泥甕秋客對蕭然。
註:九月。回俗九月絕食,名爲Ramazan。
83
Shapes of all Sorts and Sizes, great and small,
That stood along the floor and by the wall;
And some loquacious Vessels were; and some
Listen'd perhaps, but never talk'd at all.
紅猩綠翠采姿多,
短缶長瓶壁上羅。
黃目無言垂醉眼,
泥壺開口唱山歌:
种种品类规模的形状,
大大小小都站在地面,壁旁;
有的是唠叨多言;
有的疑在倾听,但总一言不讲。
84
Said one among them — "Surely not in vain
My substance of the common Earth was ta'en
And to this Figure moulded, to be broke,
Or trampled back to shapeless Earth again."
『彎彎壺嘴似蛾眉,
手做泥壺爲阿誰。
隨手揑成隨手碎,
到頭還是一堆泥。』
其中一个道——“真的不是徒劳!
我的体质是从泥土塑成,
到头又要被他毁掉,
践成泥土,复归无形。”
85
Then said a Second — "Ne'er a peevish Boy
Would break the Bowl from which he drank in joy;
And He that with his hand the Vessel made
Will surely not in after Wrath destroy."
瓦尊壁上曼聲呼:
『酒客猶知惜酒壺,
多少匠心成一器,
無端誰忍碎無辜。』
86
After a momentary silence spake
Some Vessel of a more ungainly Make;
"They sneer at me for leaning all awry;
What! did the hand then of the Potter shake?"
古瓶臲卼背穹隆,
獨坐塵埃訴苦衷:
『想是匠人年已老,
摩挱彫琢手龍鍾。』
沉默了一瞬之后,
几个外形更怪的发言;
“世人都在嘲笑我苦窳歪斜:
哼!难道是陶师的手儿颤也?”
87
Whereat some one of the loquacious Lot —
I think a Sufi pipkin — waxing hot —
"All this of Pot and Potter — Tell me then,
Who is the Potter, pray and who the Pot?"
小壺顏色火燒雲,
談笑懸河水瀉銀:
『漫說陶人與陶器,
孰爲陶器孰陶人。』
88
"Why," said another, "Some there are who tell
Of one who threatens he will toss to Hell
The luckless Pots he marr'd in making — Pish!
He's a Good Fellow, and 'twill all be well. "
說法泥甕貌岸然:
『成材成器總由天。
殘壺廢盌都抛去,
拋到無情火焰邊。』
89
"Well," murmur'd one, "Let whoso make or buy,
My Clay with long oblivion is gone dry:
But, fill me with the old familiar Juice,
Methinks I might recover by and by!"
寂寞凋零一斷壺,
年年愁待酒家胡:
『請君爲我勤斟酒,
垂老心腸久已枯。』
90
So while the Vessels one by one were speaking,
The little Moon look'd in that all were seeking:
And then they jogg'd each other, "Brother! Brother!
Now for the Porter's shoulder knot a-creaking!"
月照千家戶半開,
壺尊無語靜塵埃。
鞋聲細碎聞窗外,
疑是飄零酒客來。
91
Ah, with the Grape my fading Life provide,
And wash the Body whence the Life has died,
And lay me, shrouded in the living Leaf,
By some not unfrequented Garden-side.
一旦魂歸萬事空,
勞君傾酒洗萍蹤。
遺身願裹葡萄葉,
葬在名花怒放中。
92
That ev'n my buried Ashes such a Snare
Of Vintage shall fling up into the Air
As not a True Believer passing by
But shall be overtaken unaware.
死化寒灰帶酒香,
河山千古葬遺觴。
他年遊子來憑弔,
猶得墳前醉一場。
我的死灰也要迸出葡萄,
卷须在空气之中高标,
信仰真理之人路过我时,
无意之间却要被它缠绕。
93
Indeed the Idols I have loved so long
Have done my credit in this World much wrong:
Have drown'd my Glory in a shallow Cup,
And sold my Reputation for a Song.
不事神明事酒魔,
前塵後事任蹉跎。
借來年命償杯酒,
賣去浮名買醉歌。
诚哉,我爱了这么久的
偶象们把我的品行坏了:
把我的光荣溺在个浅杯之中,
把我的名闻换首歌儿卖了。
94
Indeed, indeed, Repentance oft before
I swore — but was I sober when I swore?
And then and then came Spring, and Rose-in-hand
My threadbare Penitence a-pieces tore.
平生悔恨我何曾,
醉裏模糊說不淸。
見說人間春又到,
尊前莫作懊憹聲。
95
And much as wine has play'd the Infidel,
And robb'd me of my Robe of Honour — well,
I often wonder what the Vintners buy
One half so precious as the stuff they sell.
酒誤浮名猶愛酒,
轉憐賣酒村前叟。
賣來不過幾文錢,
何物能如酒一斗。
96
Yet Ah, that Spring should vanish with the Rose!
That Youth's sweet-scented Manuscript should close!
The Nightingale that in the Branches sang,
Ah, whence, and whither flown again, who knows!
墓裏古人渾不語,
楊花榭後飄香絮。
子規啼盡一春心,
飛到天涯何處去。
97
Would but the desert of the fountain yield
One glimpse — if dimly, yet indeed, reveal'd,
To which the fainting Traveller might spring,
As springs that trampled herbage of the field!
古野猶生春草綠,
茫茫大漠何寥哉。
行人遠道淒涼甚,
可有淸泉慰客來。
98
Would but some winged Angel ere too late
Arrest the yet unfolded Roll of Fate,
And make the stern Recorder otherwise
Enregister, or quite obliterate!
願見仙人啓玉樓,
天書細細寫從頭。
生涯不爲重斟酌,
便把微身一筆勾。
99
Ah Love! could you and I with Him conspire
To grasp this sorry Scheme of Things entire,
Would not we shatter it to bits — and then
Re-mould it nearer to the Heart's Desire!
夢遊昨夜到天池,
欲借神明劍一枝。
斬碎三千愁世界,
從頭收拾舊須彌。
100
Yon rising Moon that looks for us again —
How oft hereafter will she wax and wane;
How oft hereafter rising look for us
Through this same Garden — and for one in vain!
明月多情伴客身,
人來人去月無聞,
從今幾度黃昏月,
遍照園林少一人。
101
And when like her, oh Sáki, you shall pass
Among the Guests Star-scatter'd on the Grass,
And in your joyous errand reach the spot
Where I made One — turn down an empty Glass!
酒僮酒僮勸客來,
座中無我莫徘徊。
醉翁去後餘何物,
一隻空空覆酒杯。