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本帖最后由 小榔头 于 2009-6-27 00:06 编辑
愛丁堡電影節之[聖瓦倫丁節屠殺]
歷史背景：
The Saint Valentine's Day Massacre is the name given to the murder of seven people as part of a Prohibition Era conflict between two powerful criminal gangs in Chicago, Illinois, in 1929: the South Side Italian gang led by Al Capone and the North Side Irish gang led by Bugs Moran. Former members of the Egan's Rats gang were also suspected to have played a large role in the St. Valentine's Day massacre, assisting Capone.
The MassacreOn the morning of Thursday, February 14, 1929, St. Valentine's Day, six members of the "Bugs" Moran gang and Reinhardt H. Schwimmer were lined up against the rear inside wall of the garage of the SMC Cartage Company (2122 North Clark Street) in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago's North Side. They were then shot and killed, possibly by members of Al Capone's gang, possibly by "outside talent" (that is, gangsters from outside the city who would not be known to their victims), most likely by a combination of both. Two of the men were dressed as Chicago police officers, and the others were dressed in long trenchcoats, according to witnesses who saw the "police" leading the other men at gunpoint out of the garage (part of the plan). When one of the dying men, Frank Gusenberg, was asked who shot him, he replied, "I'm not gonna talk - nobody shot me" despite having 22 bullet wounds. Capone himself had arranged to be on vacation in Florida. The St. Valentine's Massacre resulted from a plan devised by a member or members of the Capone gang to eliminate the Polish-Irish Bugs Moran, the boss of the North Side Gang, formerly headed up by Dion O'Banion who was murdered nearly five years earlier. Jack McGurn is the person most frequently cited by researchers as a suspected planner. The massacre was planned by the Capone mob for a number of reasons: in retaliation for an unsuccessful attempt by Frank and his brother Peter Gusenberg to murder Jack McGurn earlier in the year, the North Side Gang's complicity in the murder of Pasqualino "Patsy" Lolordo as well as Antonio "The Scourge" Lombardo, and Bugs Moran's muscling in on a Capone-run dog track in the Chicago suburbs. Also, the rivalry between Moran and Capone for control of the lucrative Chicago bootlegging business led Capone to plan the hits and the O'Banion's gang demise.
The plan was to lure Bugs Moran and his men to the SMC Cartage warehouse on North Clark Street. It is assumed usually that the North Side Gang was lured to the garage with the promise of a cut-rate shipment of bootleg whiskey, supplied by Detroit's Purple Gang. However, some recent studies dispute this. All seven victims (with the exception of John May) were dressed in their best clothes, hardly suitable for unloading a large shipment of whiskey crates and driving it away. The real reason for the North Siders gathering in the garage may never be known for certain.
A four-man team would then enter the building, two disguised as police officers, and kill Moran and his men. Before Moran and his men arrived, Capone stationed lookouts in the apartments across the street from the warehouse. Wishing to keep the lookouts inconspicuous, Capone had hired two unrecognizable thugs to stand watch in rented rooms across the street from the garage.
At around 10:30 a.m. on St. Valentine's Day, four men arrived at the warehouse in two cars: a Cadillac sedan and a Peerless, both outfitted to look like detective sedans. Two men were dressed in police uniforms and two in street clothes. The Moran gang had already arrived at the warehouse. However, Moran himself was not inside. One account states that Moran was supposedly approaching the warehouse, spotted the police car, and fled the scene to a nearby coffee shop. Another account was that Moran was simply late getting there.
The lookouts allegedly confused one of Moran's men (most likely Albert Weinshank, who was the same height, build and even physically resembled Moran) for Moran himself: he then signaled for the gunmen to enter the warehouse. The two phony police, carrying shotguns, exited the Peerless and entered the warehouse through the two rear doors. Inside they found members of Moran's gang, a sixth man named Reinhart Schwimmer, who was not actually a gangster but more of a gang "hanger-on" or "groupie", and a seventh man, John May, who was a mechanic fixing one of the cars, and technically not a member of the gang but an occasionally hired mechanic. The killers told the seven men to line up facing the back wall. There was apparently not any resistance, as the Moran men thought their captors were real police, and it was likely a "show" bust merely to garner good press for the police department.
Then the two "police officers" let in two men through the front door facing Clark Street. This pair, riding in the Cadillac, were dressed in civilian clothes. Two of the killers started shooting with Thompson sub-machine guns, one containing a 20-round magazine and the other a 50-round drum. All seven men were killed in a volley of seventy machine-gun bullets and two shotgun blasts according to the coroner's report.
To show bystanders that everything was under control, the men in street clothes came out with their hands up, prodded by the two uniformed cops. The only survivors in the warehouse were John May's German shepherd, Highball, and Frank Gusenberg who, despite fourteen bullet wounds, was still clinging to life. When the real police arrived, they first heard the dog howling. On entering the warehouse, they found the dog trapped under a beer truck and the floor covered with blood, shell casings, and corpses.
Photographs of the scene were taken immediately after the shooting by Jun Fujita and published in the Chicago Daily News.
The victimsThe seven men killed that morning were:
- Peter Gusenberg, a front line enforcer for the Moran organization.
- Frank Gusenberg, the brother of Peter Gusenberg and also an enforcer. Frank was miraculously still alive when police first arrived on the scene. He died three hours later, saying only, "Nobody shot me" when questioned by the police on the perpetrator.
- Albert Kachellek, alias "James Clark", Moran's second-in-command.
- Adam Heyer, the bookkeeper and business manager of the Moran gang.
- Reinhart Schwimmer, an optician who had abandoned his practice to gamble on horse racing (unsuccessfully) and associate with the Moran gang. He would, in contemporary parlance, be referred to as a "gang groupie". Though Schwimmer called himself an "optometrist" he was actually an optician (an eyeglass fitter) and he had no medical training.
- Albert Weinshank, who managed several cleaning and dyeing operations for Moran. His physical and even clothing resemblance to Moran is what allegedly set the massacre in motion before Moran actually arrived.
- John May, an occasional car mechanic for the Moran gang, though not a gang member himself. May had two earlier arrests for safeblowing (no convictions) but was attempting to work legally. However, his desperate need of cash, with a wife and seven children, caused him to accept jobs with the Moran gang as a mechanic.
The investigationThe slaughter exceeded anything yet seen in the United States at that time. At first, it was thought that police may have indeed been responsible for the killings, but 255 detectives were soon cleared. Chicago Police scrambled to figure out who had been responsible.
Since it was common knowledge that Moran was hijacking Capone's Detroit-based liquor shipments, police focused their attention on the Purple Gang. Mug shots of Purple members George Lewis, Eddie Fletcher, Phil Keywell and his kid brother Harry, were picked out by the landlady across the street as the phony roomers. Later, the women who identified them wavered, and, Fletcher, Lewis, and Harry Keywell were all questioned and cleared by Chicago Police. Nevertheless, the Keywell brothers (and by extension the Purple Gang) would remain ensnared in the massacre case for all time.
A week after the massacre, a 1927 Cadillac sedan was found disassembled and partially burned in a garage on Wood Street. It was determined that the car was used by the massacre killers. The garage was located two blocks from the Circus Café, which was operated by Claude Maddox, a former St. Louis gangster and member of the Capone mob.
Detectives checking leads in St. Louis discovered that former members of the Egan's Rats mob may have played a part. They soon announced they were seeking Fred "Killer" Burke and James Ray as the two uniformed police officers in the garage. Burke and other members of the mob had been known to use police uniforms to fool their victims. Police also proposed that Joseph Lolordo may have been one of the machine gunners, mostly likely because his brother Pasqualino had recently been murdered by the North Side Gang.
Police also announced they suspected Capone gunmen John Scalise and Albert Anselmi, as well as Jack McGurn himself, and Frank Rio, a Capone bodyguard. Police eventually charged McGurn and Scalise with the massacre. John Scalise was murdered before he went to trial and the charges against Jack McGurn were downgraded to a violation of the Mann Act, stemming from taking the main witness against him, girlfriend Louise Rolfe (who became known as the "Blonde Alibi"), across state lines to marry.
The case stagnated until December 14, 1929, when Berrien County sheriffs raided the St. Joseph, Michigan bungalow of “Frederick Dane”. Dane had been the registered owner of a vehicle driven by Fred "Killer" Burke. Burke had been drinking and rear-ended another vehicle in front of the police station. Officer Charles Skelly ran outside to investigate. When Burke attempted to drive away, Officer Skelly hopped on the running board and was shot off. He died of his wounds a short time later.
When police raided Burke's bungalow, they found a bulletproof vest, bonds recently stolen from a Wisconsin bank, two Thompson submachine guns, pistols, and thousands of rounds of ammunition. Both machine guns were determined to have been used in the massacre. Unfortunately, no further concrete evidence would surface in the massacre case. Burke would be captured over a year later on a Missouri farm. As the case against him in the murder of Officer Skelly was strongest, he was tried in Michigan and subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment. Fred Burke died in prison in 1940.
情人节大屠杀（Saint Valentine's Day massacre）是美国禁酒时代，贩运私酒的帮派间的一次激烈斗争事件，发生在1929年2月14日的芝加哥，当时芝加哥艾尔·卡彭帮派（由义裔美国人组成）装扮成警察，强迫由疯子莫兰（George "Bug" Moran）领导的帮派（由爱尔兰裔美国人及德裔美国人组成）的其中7个人在汽车房中靠墙排成一行，并且毫不留情地枪杀。1929年2月14日，星期四，情人节，6名疯子莫兰帮的成员和Dr. Reinhardt H. Schwimmer被发现靠墙死在北芝加哥North Clark街2122号的汽车房中。他们是被开枪打死的，可能是卡彭帮派所为，也可能是“境外人员”所为（即城市外的帮派）。最有可能是两者兼而有之。有证人看到两名男子打扮成芝加哥警官，其他人穿着长外套。大约上午10点30分，“警察”领着其他男子走进车库。当时卡彭在佛罗里达州度假。
这几人开着两辆崭新的凯迪拉克轿车，看上去就像侦探轿车。车上共四人，两名男子身着警服，另外两名穿着长外套。当时疯子莫兰帮的成员刚刚抵达汽车房，但帮派首领莫兰本人并不在里面。当时有消息说，莫兰本人就在附近，只是看到一辆警车，就逃离开了。
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儸傑柯曼的電影敍述：
Director: Roger Corman
Writer: Howard Browne (writer)
Release Date: 30 June 1967 (USA) more Genre: Crime | Drama more
Plot: Chicago February 14th 1929. Al Capone finally establishes himself as the city's boss of organised crime... 制片国家/地区: 美国
导演: 罗杰 科尔曼 (Roger Corman)
影名: The St. Valentine's Day Massacre
编剧: Howard Browne
简体中文名: 情人节大屠杀
上映日期: 1968-05-23
和其他20/30年代黑幫片不同的是 儸傑柯曼重在社會反思而非控訴 審問我們究竟需要何種社會現實；重人性構建而非個人生活，因此與[教父]，[美國往事]有所區別，且個人觀感勝於別他同類型電影——儘管被埋沒
社會現實及其結構的反思：
Capone和Muran在黑幫地位上的差異由兩人的生活狀況所反映 前者氣派一如社會名流 後者房屋佈置及生活習慣好比城市新貴：即便地下社會，也構建出一個獨立社會整體 有一切普通社會裏應有的結構和現實——所謂地下社會 所謂非正常現實 也渴求社會現實 在本質上同一 常態與否 堅定標準得到質疑
人的討論：
食物：多処有進食的細節 猛男咬三明治 老大閑刁開胃菜面對記者警告對手 人置意志于食物上 我們的一舉一動都具有表演性 我們需要觀衆 需要他人他物以肯定自我
女人：當然大部分是妓女和母親（……）卑微的黑幫只能在女人身上撒氣 爲了三千塊的裘皮大衣廝打
臨終：Frank被救到醫院 一個臨終的場景 可憐的孩子反復說冷 突然眼光一散
遭妓女欺盜 跟老母借錢 老婆長期臥床不起 做不起手術 拖欠房租 孩子一堆吃不起奶粉……每個人都無奈 然而儸傑柯曼的好處就在他不光描述生活苦啊苦 人如何討生活 社會如何強姦百姓的畫面 而在多処提醒事情沒有那麽簡單 司法系統崩潰 可警察仍舊是權力（未必是正義）的象徵 最後的屠殺也是由於黑幫内心對這種象徵符號有所敬畏 才讓假扮警察的敵手贏了這一場——爲何在黑幫社會／非正常現實裏正常社會的司法代表仍存其意義？ |
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发表于 2009-5-6 09:21
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这个是原著封面
